Income Tax Act, 2025
- CA Dilip Badlani

- Feb 5
- 7 min read
Updated: Apr 1
Professionals Series

Complete Course on Income Tax Act, 2025
How to Start:
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Course Overview
The Income Tax Act, 2025 course is designed for Tax Practitioners and Professionals aiming to excel in their careers. This comprehensive course covers various chapters that are crucial for understanding income tax laws and regulations.
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Chapter 1: Introduction | |||
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Sec 1 | Short title, extent and commencement. | ||
Sec 2 | Definitions. | ||
Sec 3 | Definition of “tax year”. | ||
Sec 4 | Charge of Income-tax | ||
Sec 5 | Scope of total income | ||
Sec 6 | Residence in India. | ||
Chapter 2: Basis of Charge & Exempt Income | |||
Chapter 3: Salary | |||
Sec 13 | Heads of income | ||
Sec 14 | Income not forming part of Total income | ||
Sec 15 | Salaries. | ||
Sec 16 | Income from salary. | ||
Sec 17 | Perquisite. | ||
Sec 17 | Perquisite. | ||
Sec 17 | Perquisite. | ||
Sec 17 | Perquisite. | ||
Sec 17 | Perquisite. | ||
Sec 17 | Perquisite. | ||
Sec 18 | Profits in lieu of salary. | ||
Sec 19 | Deductions from salaries | ||
Sec 19 | Deductions from salaries | ||
Chapter 4: Income from House Property | |||
Sec 20 | Income from house property. | ||
Sec 21 | Determination of annual value. | ||
Sec 22 | Deductions from income from house property. | ||
Sec 23 | Arrears of rent and unrealised rent received. | ||
Sec 24 | Property owned by co-owners. | ||
Sec 25 | Interpretation. | ||
Chapter 5: Profit and Gains of Business or Profession | |||
Sec 26 | Income under head “Profits and gains of business or profession | ||
Sec 27 | Manner of computing profits and gains of business or profession. | ||
Sec 28 | Rent, rates, taxes, repairs and insurance | ||
Sec 29 | Deductions related to employee welfare. | Lecture 2 | |
Sec 30 | Deduction on certain premium | Lecture 3 | |
Sec 31 | Deduction for bad debt and provision for bad and doubtful debt. | ||
Sec 32 | Other deductions | ||
Sec 33 | Deduction for depreciation | ||
Sec 34 | General conditions for allowable deductions. | ||
Sec 35 | Amounts not deductible in certain circumstances. | ||
Sec 36 | Expenses or payments not deductible in certain circumstances. | ||
Sec 37 | Certain deductions allowed on actual payment basis only. | ||
Sec 38 | Certain sums deemed as profits and gains of business or profession. | ||
Sec 39 | Computation of actual cost. | ||
Sec 40 | Special provision for computation of cost of acquisition of certain assets | ||
Sec 41 | Written down value of depreciable asset. | ||
Sec 42 | Capitalising the impact of foreign exchange fluctuation | ||
Sec 43 | Taxation of foreign exchange fluctuation | ||
Sec 44 | Amortisation of certain preliminary expenses. | ||
Sec 45 | Expenditure on scientific research | ||
Sec 46 | Capital expenditure of specified business. | ||
Sec 47 | Expenditure on agricultural extension project and skill development project. | ||
Sec 48 | Tea development account, coffee development account and rubber development account. | ||
Sec 49 | Site Restoration Fund. | ||
Sec 50 | Special provision in the case of trade, profession or similar association. | Lecture 22 | |
Sec 51 | Amortisation of expenditure for prospecting certain minerals. | ||
Sec 52 | Amortisation of expenditure for telecommunications services, amalgamation, demerger, scheme of voluntary retirement, etc. | ||
Sec 53 | Full value of consideration for transfer of assets other than capital assets in certain cases. | Lecture 25 | |
Sec 54 | Business of prospecting for mineral oils. | Lecture 26 | |
Sec 55 | Insurance business. | Lecture 27 | |
Sec 56 | Special provision in case of interest income of specified financial institutions. | ||
Sec 57 | Revenue recognition for construction and service contracts | ||
Sec 58 | Special provision for computing profits and gains of business or profession on presumptive basis in case of certain residents. | ||
Sec 59 | Computation of royalty and fee for technical services in hands of non-residents. | ||
Sec 60 | Deduction of head office expenditure in case of non-residents | ||
Sec 61 | Special provision for computation of income on presumptive basis in respect of certain business activities of certain non-residents. | ||
Sec 62 | Maintenance of books of account. | ||
Sec 63 | Tax audit. | ||
Sec 64 | Special provision for computing deductions in case of business reorganisation of co-operative banks | ||
Sec 65 | Interpretation for the purposes of section 64. | ||
Sec 66 | Interpretation. | ||
Chapter 6: Capital Gains | |||
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Chapter 7: Income from Other Sources | |||
Sec 92 | Income from other sources | ||
Sec 93 | Deductions. | ||
Sec 94 | Amounts not deductible. | ||
Sec 95 | Profits chargeable to tax. | ||
Chapter 8: Clubbing of Income | |||
Sec 96 | Transfer of income without transfer of assets | ||
Sec 97 | Chargeability of income in transfer of assets. | ||
Sec 98 | “Transfer” and “revocable transfer” defined. | ||
Sec 99 | Income of individual to include income of spouse, minor child, etc. | ||
Sec 100 | Liability of person in respect of income included in income of another person. | ||
Chapter 9: Aggregation of Income | |||
Sec 101 | Total income. | ||
Sec 102 | Unexplained credits. | ||
Sec 103 | Unexplained investment. | ||
Sec 104 | Unexplained asset. | ||
Sec 105 | Unexplained expenditure. | ||
Sec 106 | Amount borrowed or repaid through negotiable instrument, hundi, etc. | ||
Sec 107 | Charge of tax | ||
Chapter 10: Set off & Carry Forward of Losses | |||
Sec 108 | Set off of losses under same head of income. | ||
Sec 109 | Set off of losses under any other head of income | ||
Sec 110 | Carry forward and set off of loss from house property | ||
Sec 111 | Carry forward and set off of loss from Capital gains | ||
Sec 112 | Carry forward and set off of business loss. | ||
Sec 113 | Set off and carry forward of losses computed in respect of speculation business | ||
Sec 114 | Set off and carry forward of losses computed in respect of specified business. | ||
Sec 115 | Set off and carry forward of losses from specified activity. | ||
Sec 119 | Carry forward and set off of losses not permissible in certain cases. | ||
Sec 120 | No set off of losses against undisclosed income consequent to search, requisition and survey. | ||
Sec 121 | Submission of return for losses. | ||
Sec 116 | Treatment of accumulated losses and unabsorbed depreciation in amalgamation or demerger, etc. | ||
Sec 117 | Treatment of accumulated losses and unabsorbed depreciation in scheme of amalgamation in certain cases. | ||
Sec 118 | Carry forward and set off of losses and unabsorbed depreciation in business reorganisation of co operative banks. | ||
Chapter: Tax Deducted at Source | |||
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Sec 390 | Deduction or collection at source and advance payment. | ||
Sec 391 | Direct payment. | ||
Sec 392 | Salary and accumulated balance due to an employee. | ||
Sec 393 | Tax to be deducted at source | ||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Tax to be deducted at source | |||
Sec 394 | Collection of tax at source | ||
Sec 395 | Certificates. | ||
Sec 396 | Tax deducted is income received. | ||
Sec 397 | Compliance and reporting | ||
Sec 398 | Consequences of failure to deduct or pay or, collect or pay. | ||
Sec 399 | Processing. | ||
Sec 400 | Power of Central Government to relax provisions of this Chapter | ||
Sec 401 | Bar against direct demand on assessee | ||
Sec 402 | Interpretation. | ||
Chapter: Penalties | |||
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Sec 439 | Penalty for under-reporting and misreporting of income | ||
Sec 440 | Immunity from imposition of penalty, etc | Lecture 2 | |
Sec 441 | Failure to keep, maintain or retain books of account, documents, etc | ||
Sec 442 | Penalty for failure to keep and maintain information and document, etc., in respect of certain transactions | ||
Sec 443 | Penalty in respect of certain income | ||
Sec 444 | Penalty for false entry, etc., in books of account | ||
Sec 445 | Benefits to related persons | ||
Sec 446 | Failure to get accounts audited | ||
Sec 447 | Penalty for failure to furnish report under section 172. | ||
Sec 448 | Penalty for failure to deduct tax at source | ||
Sec 449 | Penalty for failure to collect tax at source | ||
Sec 450 | Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 185 | ||
Sec 451 | Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 186 | ||
Sec 452 | Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 187 | ||
Sec 453 | Penalty for failure to comply with provisions of section 188 | ||
Sec 454 | Penalty for failure to furnish statement of financial transaction or reportable account | Lecture 9 | |
Sec 455 | Penalty for furnishing inaccurate statement of financial transaction or reportable account | ||
Sec 456 | Penalty for failure to furnish statement or information or document by an eligible investment fund | Lecture 10 | |
Sec 457 | Penalty for failure to furnish information or document under section 171 | ||
Sec 458 | Penalty for failure to furnish information or document u/s 506 | Lecture 11 | |
Sec 459 | Penalty for failure to furnish report or for furnishing inaccurate report under section 511 | ||
Sec 460 | Penalty for failure to submit statement under section 505. | ||
Sec 461 | Penalty for failure to furnish statements, etc | ||
Sec 462 | Penalty for failure to furnish information or furnishing inaccurate Information under section 397 (3)(d). | ||
Sec 463 | Penalty for furnishing incorrect information in reports or certificates | ||
Sec 464 | Penalty for failure to furnish statements, etc | ||
Sec 465 | Penalty for failure to answer questions, sign statements, Furnish information, returns or statements, allow inspections, etc | ||
Sec 466 | Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 254 | ||
Sec 467 | Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 262. | ||
Sec 468 | Penalty for failure to comply with the provisions of section 397 | ||
Sec 469 | Power to reduce or waive penalty, etc., in certain cases | ||
Sec 470 | Penalty not to be imposed in certain cases | ||
Sec 471 | Procedure | ||
Sec 472 | Bar of limitation for imposing penalties | ||
Chapter: Statement of Financial Transactions (SFT) | |||
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Sec 508 | Obligation to furnish statement of financial transaction or reportable account. | Lecture 1 | |
Rule 237 | Furnishing of statement of financial transaction | Lecture 2 | |




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